Sources
Below is a list of materials, articles, and archival resources referenced in the making of this documentary.
Lists are alphabetical within each category. To visit a source, click the source name below it’s title.
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Centene ordered to pay $19M for Medicaid fraud in Washington state
KIRO 7 Local News ReportCVS Health ordered to pay $949M in fraud case
KVUE ABC News ReportDangerous Drugs anti-drug film on barbiturates and amphetamine abuse (1956)
Archive.orgFTC set to sue 3 largest pharmacy benefit managers over insulin drug prices
ABC News ReportHawley Blasts PBMs For ‘Screwing’ Patients, Demands Congress Break Up Their ‘Pharma Monopoly’
Senator Josh HawleyHearing on Pharmacy Benefit Managers and Drug Prices
C-SPAN.orgHospital pharmacy at old Joliet Prison (Photo)
Archive.orgHow to get cheaper prices on your prescription drugs
WXYZ-TV Detroit, Channel 7 News ReportJohnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Co. drug store / pharmacy improvement program film (1960s)
Archive.orgMills Park Pharmacy, Kains Avenue, 1940s (Photo)
Archive.orgPharmacy benefit managers under fire in House hearing
NBC News ReportRetrovir introduction at Dartford
Archive.orgSenate Hearing on Health Care Affordability
C-SPAN.org -
Abuse of power in the pharmaceutical industry
Erasmus School of LawAmerica’s biggest pharmacy chain slapped with massive penalty over fraud
New York PostAre Pharmacy Benefit Managers the Next Target for Prescription Drug Reform?
The Commonwealth FundCDC Report: 9 Million Americans Not Taking Medications as Prescribed Due to Cost
Health.comCongress should prioritize patients over PBM Profits (Print Edition)
Lowell SunConnecticut city sues drugmakers and pharmacy benefit managers over insulin cost
CT InsiderCourt Dismisses PBM Expenses Lawsuit, but Expresses Sympathy for Participants
Thomson ReutersCVS unit must pay $290 million in drug whistleblower lawsuit, judge rules
Reuters.comEven ‘good’ employers face rising risk of lawsuits over health plan costs
BenefitsPROFinish the Fight: Push for PBM Reform in the Final Lame Duck Session of Congress
Independent Pharmacy Cooperative (IPC)FTC Sues Prescription Drug Middlemen for Artificially Inflating Insulin Drug Prices
Federal Trade CommissionFTC takes fresh swipe at drug middlemen, says some prices marked up over 1,000%
MarketWatch.comGoodRx, PBMs Hit by Price Fixing Lawsuits
AJMCHow Two Common Medications Became One $455 Million Specialty Pill
ProPublicaIt’s time to think supercritically about pharma waste
Pharma ManufacturingNew Jersey Governor Signs Benefits Reform Bill
Associated PressNCPA Urges DOGE to Examine PBMs for Waste, Fraud, and Abuse
National Community Pharmacists Association (NCPA)Oklahoma takes CVS Caremark to new PBM court over alleged underpayments
Reuters.comPBMs are modern-day drug price gangsters and must be held accountable
Ohio Capital JournalPBMs fight back against state restrictions
Axios.comPharmacy Benefit Managers: Practices, Controversies, and What Lies Ahead
The Commonwealth FundPharmacy benefit managers trade association increased federal lobbying spending amid drug pricing scrutiny
OpenSecrets.orgPlaintiffs Double Down on Challenges to PBM Arrangements in Class Action Lawsuits Involving Johnson & Johnson and JPMorgan Chase
Groom Law GroupWhat Pharmacy Benefit Managers Do, and How They Contribute to Drug Spending
The Commonwealth FundWhy Americans pay so much more for prescription drugs
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Cigna Group - 43 Year Stock Price History | CI
macrotrends.netCVS Health - 52 Year Stock Price History | CVS
macrotrends.netFiduciary Responsibilities
U.S. Department of LaborHow Prices for the First 10 Drugs Up for U.S. Medicare Price Negotiations Compare Internationally (Exhibit 1)
The Commonwealth FundUnitedHealth Group - 41 Year Stock Price History | UNH
macrotrends.net -
Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021
U.S. CongressLewandowski v. Johnson and Johnson
Georgetown UniversityPBM Compensation and Fee Disclosure
United States Secretary of Labor